Can A Military Force Suppress And Overcome An Idea

C1C Levi Fry Dr. McGuire English 411-M2 22 Sep 2016 Word Count: 1864 2000 lbs. Context Essay Draft Can a military force suppress and overcome an idea? That is one of the questions raised by Brian Turner’s poem â€Å"2,000 lbs.† which takes place in Ashur Square, Mosul, a city in Iraq. Those who fight in the name of Islam do so to save their country from perceived oppression. Even yet, suicide bombers are not always fighting in the name of Islam. Some have personal reasons to commit violent acts, and these reasons are not always known. For this reason, defeating terrorism and putting an end to suicide bombings with a military force is not possible, as terrorism is an existential condition. Suicide bombers are often dehumanized for their actions, but it is incorrect to assume that their acts are emotionless and without reason. In the first scene, Turner begins by focusing in on the hand of the suicide bomber. He describes the hand of the bomber as being â€Å"white-knuckled and tight, glossy with sweat† (Turner 1). According to the Oxford English Diction ary, to be white-knuckled means, â€Å"having white knuckles; (transf. and fig.) tense from barely contained emotion, esp. fear or suspense† (â€Å"White†). Turner is recognizing the emotions of the bomber. Regardless of whether he is excited, spiteful, or fearful, the bomber has sincere considerations about the act he is about to perform and is evidence of his existential tendencies. It is too simple to claim that suicide bombers areShow MoreRelatedThe Rule of the Major Generals677 Words   |  3 PagesThe Major General rule was an idea by Cromwell to help reduce the threat of royalist conspiracy and to help further his need for ‘healing and settling’. However, the rule lasted less than a year due its unpopularity and lack of support from the local gentry. 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Tension in The Red Room, The Cone and The Superstitious...

Tension in The Red Room, The Cone and The Superstitious Mans Story The Red Room, The Cone and The Superstitious Mans Story are all short stories which were written before 1914. The Red Room and The Cone were both written by H.G. Wells and The Superstitious Mans Story was written by Thomas Hardy. All three of these stories were written in Victorian Times (1837-1901). These were years of great scientific and technological developments. The authors of the three stories show us a diminishing belief in superstition and supernatural. The authors of The Red Room and The Superstitious Mans Story have written the stories in the style of a gothic one, although they don’t end up being supernatural. However, The Cone†¦show more content†¦However, people reveal that they saw this mans ghost got to church on Midsummers Eve. The opening itself creates tension as it puts the reader into the place of the character. All three stories start of with dialogue which raises the question to us, the reader, of what has just gone on and what is going to happen next. This makes us read on. In The Red Room it begins with the narrator saying: I can assure, said I, that it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me. This quote shows that the man is not scared, but we are not sure what is going to next and we want to find out if he gets scared by the ghost in the room if there is. We want to find out what might happen to him. We read on to find out what will happen. Similarly, The Cone starts with dialogue and makes us wonder what has just happened. This is when the man and woman are talking to each other: The man and woman spoke to one another in low tones. He does not suspect? said the man, a little nervously. Not he, she said peevishly, as though that too imitated her. This puts us in the shoes of the characters and it gets into the action straight away so we are unaware of what has happened. It makes the reader want to read on as it leaves us with anticipation. It creates tension as they speak in low tones telling us that they are keeping a secret. Also, The Superstitious Mans Story the opening makes us want to read on as it leaves us in theShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesready to tackle the more difficult Exercises at the end of each chapter. ────1 Lets continue with our introduction to the principles of logical reasoning. (There are quite a few more principles to be uncovered.) For example, in the camping-trip story, you paid attention both to what Juanita said and to what Emilio said, and you wished there was a park ranger 1 The answer to the present Concept Check is (b), even though there is an error in the encyclopedia because King was really assassinatedRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDo? 516 Culture’s Functions 516 †¢ Culture Creates Climate 516 †¢ Culture as a Liability 517 Creating and Sustaining Culture 519 How a Culture Begins 519 †¢ Keeping a Culture Alive 519 †¢ Summary: How Cultures Form 523 How Employees Learn Culture 523 Stories 523 †¢ Rituals 524 †¢ Material Symbols 524 †¢ Language 524 Creating an Ethical Organizational Culture 525 Creating a Positive Organizational Culture 527 Spirituality and Organizational Culture 529 What Is Spirituality? 529 †¢ Why Spirituality Now? 530

Export And Import Of Widgets Galore Products Australia To Germany

Question: Discuss about the Export And Import Of Widgets Galore Products From Australia To Germany. Answer: Introduction The import process is a cumbersome and companys such as widgets Galore should follow the following process when importing. For any company it is vital that they know how to carry out importation and have a good understanding of the importation and exportation process to avoid numerous charges when the right process is not followed and also ensure that the goods arive or reach their destination on time and in the correct manner(Cypher and Dietz, 2009). Assessment on the most appropriate Import process for the new component Step 1: Contact Supplier The supplier must be reliable, responsible and above all comply with delivery times, under the quality established or agreed in the contract. There must be constant communication during the import process. Step 2: Competent Entity Issuer of the Permits, Sanitary Registries, records of permits correspond the merchandise and according to each competent entity must obtain documents that must be presented between them we have: Form for registration. Affidavit of the veracity of the information provided to the corresponding Entity. User Manual of the product to be registered. Catalogs / Brochures of the products to be registered(Cypher and Dietz, 2009). Step 3: The charge agent is the person trained by the competent authority both in the country of origin and in the country of destination to organize shipments (freight), consolidate and deconsolidate goods. This agent can be contacted by both the Exporter and the Importer after coordination to organize the shipment indicating costs based on the number of packages, volume or weight of the goods up to port arrival point. Once the shipment has been established, the cargo agent will send you a copy of the B / L or AWB to carry out cargo tracking. The original documents are sent with the cargo or Courier. Once the cargo arrives, they notify you by sending you an arrival notice. They indicate to you in which warehouse your cargo will load. Step 4: Temporary Storage It is advisable to carry out a preliminary inspection in order to verify the state of the cargo arrived. For which it is presented: Copy of AWB or B / L Copy of flyer Copy of DNI and / or Dispatcher's meat Letter Notarially legalized power (If there was a legal representative) Note: The previous capacity is requested by electronic mail to the warehouse. Step 5: The Customs Agent is given the respective documents to generate the DUA or DS for listing: Commercial invoice. B / L or AWB endorsed by legal representative. Insurance policy or non-insurance letter.. It is advisable to deliver a catalog of the merchandise to the specialist of customs in the physical capacity to familiarize and identify the merchandise. In the physical examination can be present the office assistant and a representative of the company.It awaits the release authorized by the customs to withdraw the merchandise(Laliwala, Mansuri and Wishkerman, n.d.). Step 6: Withdrawal of the cargo Once the lift is given, the days of storage are canceled for the time our merchandise remained. The following documents are presented: An assessment on the transportation model When importing goods, Widget Galore needs to assess the suitability of the transportation mode. The following are the factors that influence the decision on the mode of transportation during importation. One is the availability and cost of the different types of transportation modes. The quantity, nature, size , weight and volume of the product being imported. The company also needs to check at the time take from the origin to the destination. The other factor is the distance to be travelled. For a long distance, the company may opt to use air transport. Ability of certain airports to handle the goods. Availability of customs and immigration at the airport. Discuss and outline the full import process that would be relevant to this scenario The import process has got many challenges, costs and regulations that Widget Galore has got to be aware of to offer their customers the best prices and quality goods. The following is the full import process that is relevant to the scenario of Widget Galore(Laliwala, Mansuri and Wishkerman, n.d.). The first step is making sure that they are aware of government regulations and importing laws. There are a number of regulations that the company needs to follow before it begins the importation process as all imports must follow the regulations of the government. The import rules can be found from the Department of immigration and border protection. This department is responsible for clearing of goods through imports. The second step is to find out if there is a specific permit that the company should get in order to get their goods from Germany. There is no requirement for individual or business to have an overall license to import goods into Australia. However, the company may required to have some permits when importing certain goods through customs. The goods that Widget Galore is importing is not are not restricted from imports(How to prepare and process export and import documents, 2005). The third step in Australias importation process is learning if the goods being imported will need to be quarantined. Luckily for the goods of Widget Galore the goods being imported are not biological hence they wont be quarantined. The fourth step is paying all the relevant taxes and tariffs such as import processing charges and entry cost, excise duty, custom duty e.t.c. The fifth step is understanding the charges for import duty and goods and services sales tax. Valuation of the goods, the custom fee of $200AUD for processing your goods. However, this charges can be influenced by FTA ( Free Trade Agreements). The next step for the company is making sure that company takes advantage of any concessions when importing the goods(Export-import bank, 2004). The final step in this process is making sure that the goods being imported are labeled correctly in so that there may be no confusion when they arrive at the border or at the airport. A risk assessment of the import process and mitigation strategies There are various risks associated with the import export business. Judging from a list of major projects of investment that are import related, the risks involved are subject to important potential losses in the future(Export-import bank, 2004). The risks in this case may include government political risks and financial pressures that face the economy and the company. Although generally very good political environments, Australia as well as Germany may see many internal political bickering that may influence the process of importation and exportation. Most governments believe that a lot of risks are limited to potential savings in the macroeconomic environment and the potential is small for mitigation. The strengthening of the company control structures in the import process will reduce risks that are associated with the import process(Cook, Alston and Raia, 2012). For reasons like this, assessment of risk should estimate the damage that the project may suffer or in the estimation of benefits and costs of mitigations. With this information, the company may compare the mitigation costs with the value of any possible losses in the case of risks. Other risk assessment modes include time and the mode of transport in the import export process. The most appropriate method of transport is usually the most convenient and cost efficient for Widget galore. There are many more additional risks which include the vulnerability of the products generated by the products and the physical structures. The company should also look at the effective cost adopting measures of mitigating. Assessment and recommendation on the viability of large scale importation of the new component Discuss and outline the full process involved in the export of "Widgets galore" products to Germany. It is a sale that is carried out beyond the tariff boundaries in which the company is located. Export is to sell and only to sell. The same technology used for sale must be used for export. Before a certain export the entrepreneur must take into account all the factors that would use to sell in its own market, naturally, some more; the incentives of the National Administration that favor him, the barriers that he will find in the Administration of the country to which he directs the sales, and also will take into account that the techniques proper to the sale(Cook, Alston and Raia, 2012). Design, packaging, transport, contracting, etc. They are somewhat different in international trade. Basic Documents for Export and Import Customs Declaration or Export Manifesto. Document prepared and presented by the Exporter through a Customs Agent, duly registered with the Ministry of Finance (provision established in the Regulation of the OrganicLaw of Customs), reason why only the Customs Agents are authorized to carry out the Customs Operations, except in the exceptions that it establishes .- Document of Transport.When the transport of the merchandise is done by sea or land , this document is called "Bill of Lading". Since it has a dual function, it constitutes, on the one hand, the charter contract and, on the other hand, the title to the goods. By air and having the functions, the document of transport is denominated "Air Guide". This document is issued by the company that provides the service(Manresa, 2010). FacturaComercial. It is the document that the exporter must send to its client abroad, protecting the goods shipped. It must be presented in the corresponding place with the data and declarations necessary for its recognition. Export License. Is the document that allows the export of those goods subject to quantitative or qualitative restrictions. The license must be used in the Port of Shipment that is indicated therein, and only covers a certain amount(How to prepare and process export and import documents, 2005). Export Process The process begins with the submission and acceptance of an application for a shipment authorization through the customs computer system, which, following the steps below, becomes an export declaration. The process ends with the shipment of the merchandise Presentation of the application for shipment through the customs computer system. Provision of documents supporting the request for authorization of boarding: good visas (consult the website of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism) or authorizations when this is necessary, mandate when acting through a customs brokerage or agent , and the documents proving the export operation(The handbook of country risk 2008, 2008). Validation and acceptance of the shipping authorization Receipt of goods to the primary customs zone or warehouses of the conveyor, destined to the loading of the merchandise of export, for the selective or random determination of the shipment or of the physical or documentary inspection. Realization by the customs authority of the practice of documentary or physical inspection of the goodsargue) of the goods in the respective means of transport, with the prior authorization of the customs authority.Certification of the shipment and assignment of the number and date of the manifesto of loading.After previous procedures, the boarding authorization, with the assigned manifesto number, it becomes a definitive export declaration(The handbook of country risk 2008, 2008). Conclusion Project costs are quantified based on market prices inimportation These remain constant throughout the project analysis period. The operational costs of the Project were estimated based on the category of concurrent costs that, as already mentioned, includes all those costs that the institutions of the respective area will have to carry out even when the project ends, such as: agricultural extension services and forestry, road maintenance and forest protection. For the five years of project execution, the costs will be included in the financing(Westwood,2012). In estimating these costs, it has been assumed that the intensity in the development of certain activities such as extension and training services will decrease as the beneficiary population assimilates the proposed technological changes, so that in the projection they remained constant for the year 5 to 10, decreasing by 10% annually from year 11 to 15 and leaving them constant from year 16 to 20 References Cook, T., Alston, R. and Raia, K. (2012). Mastering import export management. New York: American Management Association. Cypher, J. and Dietz, J. (2009). The process of economic development. London: Routledge. Export-import bank. (2004). [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Government Accountability Office. How to prepare and process export and import documents. (2005). Merrick, N.Y.: International Wealth Success. Laliwala, Z., Mansuri, I. and Wishkerman, A. (n.d.). Activiti 5.x business process management beginner's guide. Manresa, M. (2010). How to Open Operate a Financially Successful Import Export Business. Ocala: Atlantic Publishing Group. The handbook of country risk 2008. (2008). London: Coface. Westwood, J. (2012). How to Get Started in Export. London: Kogan Page.

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay Example For Students

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie Essay The Glass Menagerie uses an extensive pattern of symbolism that describes the characters of Tom,Amanda,Laura and Jim.Glass,light,color and music constitute the substance of the dominant symbols and motifs,serving to reveal deeper aspects of characters and underlying themes of the play.Tennessee Williams wrote the play so that each character had a special symbol which resembled their personality. But he didnt only give the characters of the play a a resembling symbol;he also mentions the apartment blocks to be hivelike conglomerations of cellular living-units resembling a beenstock.The way he describes their location also has a lot of symbolism in its roots because he describes them to be flowering as warty growths in overcrowded urban centers. Tennessee Williams used many symbolic aspects to describe Laura and the world she lives in.In the play,Laura represents the very fragile,shy and emotionally crippled girl. We will write a custom essay on Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In her mind she lives in a world of glass animals and doesnt have a connection to the real world.The managerie of glass also represents the fragile relationships among all the characters.The glass unicorn is most obviously a symbol of Lauradelicate,sadly different,an anomaly in the modern world.The glass motif recurs throughout the whole play in many other forms. When Laura dropped out of college she constantly visited the zoo,a glass house of tropical flowers that are as vulnerable as she is.During Lauras and Jims brief romantic encounter,Laura is gaining more confidence about herself.It seems as if she is starting to escape her world of illusions.When they started dancing together,Jim accidently knocked the little glass horse over. Laura,who usually worships her glass collection more than anything else,replied to his excuse;Hes lost his horn.It doesnt matter.Maybe its a blessing in disguise. and Ill just imagine he had an operation. The horn was removed to make him feel lessfreakish!Now he will feel more at home with the other horses,the ones who dont have horns. .These two quotes give an impression that Laura is finally escaping her illusive world.She thinks that she might have a chance to survive the real world.What she doesnt know is that she is about to be wounded by the news of Jims engagement. After Jim tells her the news,she gives him the unicorn as a souvenir and retreats into her land of the glass menagerie never to come out again. In the play,Tom is the adventure seeking man trying to escape the prison Amanda is keeping him trapped in.To escape the real world,Tom constantly goes to the movies.The movies make him think about all the adventures he missing. It his little land of dreams.He is jealous of his father who left his family and achieved what Tom always wanted, Freedom.Tom has never been comfortable with the way his mother treated him.She always disagreed with the way Tom behaved. When Amanda put him down after Jim left,saying that he didnt even know that his friend was engaged and that Jim broke Lauras heart,Tom finally had enough.He took the money that was meant to pay for the electric bill,left the family and finally pursued his dream of adventure.Still,when he crosses by a window with little perfume bottles made of glass or other small things made of this material,he thinks of Laura. Amanda,who is the domineering parent of Tom and Laura,lives in a fantasy world in which she was a young beautiful girl,living in an area called Blue Mountain. She always told Laura and Tom about the many gentleman callers she received every day.Sometimes there were as many as seventeen a day,all prominent men on the Mississippi Delta.To make some extra money she sells The Homemakers Companion that features the serialized sublimations of ladies of letters who think in terms of delicate cuplike breasts,slim,tapering waists ,and rich and creamy thighs.Those are all parts of her fantasy world which make her think back to the time when she was a young and beautiful girl. .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 , .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .postImageUrl , .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 , .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7:hover , .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7:visited , .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7:active { border:0!important; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7:active , .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7 .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf298047f25a2cf1138061c4f1eecadd7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Importance of Bonds Shown Through S?ma in Gree EssayShe also is the domineering parent in the family.She treats Tom very harsh sometimes.She does that because she is scared that she is going to lose her children just like she did her husband. Jim is the most realistic character in the play. He is didnt live in any fantasy world like Tom and his family did.When he talked to Laura after they had dinner,he tried to make her more comfortable because he felt that Laura was very shy.He showed Laura how superior he is in order to impress her.For example,he said,Look how big my shadow is when I stretch. He wanted to show Laura how manly he is.Jims nickname for Laura ,Blue Roses,suggests a phenomenon that is contrary to nature.Blue also means sad. The symbolism in the play The Glass Menagerie made the story much more interesting. It gave the play a special point which made it more interesting to read.Tenessee Williams used a wide range of symbolic aspects to describe Laura,Amanda,Jim,and Tom who are four out of the five characters in the play.Symbolism is sometimes very important in plays,stories,etc. because it tells us about the secrets which are hidden inside.

Slavery and Racisim essays

Slavery and Racisim essays No issue, of course, raises deeper questions about the founders' commitment to liberty and self-government than slavery. Critics of the Founding Fathers ask how can we take seriously anything said by Jefferson, Madison, and their contemporaries on the subject of liberty and democracy when these men and many of their countrymen were denying liberty and self-government to some hundreds of thousands of black Americans. Common today is the view that "the founders excluded the Negroes from the rights of man' expressed in the Declaration of Independence and sanctioned slavery and Negro inferiority in the Constitution" (chapter 6). As Storing shows, this critique embraces both the radical Abolitionists' view that the Constitution was a "compact with the devil" and the view of mid-nineteenth century slavery defenders, who held that the principle of human equality in the Declaration of Independence was a "self-evident lie." Yet these interpretations of the founders' approach to slavery were rejected by no less a person than Frederick Douglass, former slave and the most prominent and gifted black orator and spokesman during the decades surrounding the Civil War. Storing's close analysis of the constitutional provisions related to slavery is a masterful defense of Douglass's view (chapter 7)one also shared by Abraham Lincoln and other leaders of the Republican Party, but now all but forgotten and therefore little taught. The Civil War ended slavery in the United States, but in so doing it precipitated a challenge of perhaps equal difficulty: bringing the two races together onto a plane of social and political equality. Storing shows that leading American statesmen such as Jefferson and Lincoln had entertained grave doubts as to whether white prejudice and black resentment for past wrongs would allow the creation of a peaceful biracial democratic society. He speculates that a thoughtful Founding Father reviewing present-day circumstance ...

3 Cases of Misuse of Dashes

3 Cases of Misuse of Dashes 3 Cases of Misuse of Dashes 3 Cases of Misuse of Dashes By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, dashes are erroneously employed, resulted in confused sentences. Discussion following each example explains the problem, and one or more revisions illustrate solutions. 1. When driving long distances- know that children get restless. A dash is not applicable when one clause naturally follows another. â€Å"Know that children get restless† does not abruptly break from the subordinate clause that precedes it, so a comma suffices here: â€Å"When driving long distances, know that children get restless.† 2. Few banks can afford their customer experiences to plateau for long before customers with ever-increasing expectations choose to do business with a competitor- or worse- with a disruptive market entrant. â€Å"Or worse† is treated here as a parenthetical phrase but is not intended as one. Because what follows the first dash signals a syntactical break, only that first dash is called for. In addition, because worse, on its own, is parenthetical to the phrase â€Å"or with a disruptive market tenant,† it should be bracketed by punctuation, but two mere commas suffice (and a pair of dashes would confuse in proximity to the preceding one): â€Å"Few banks can afford their customer experiences to plateau for long before customers with ever-increasing expectations choose to do business with a competitor- or, worse, with a disruptive market entrant.† 3. Some features predicted in this article- like seat belts- became ubiquitous, while others- like braking distance indicated on speedometers- never caught on. As mentioned in the discussion for the previous example, employing one or two dashes more than once in a given sentence can be confusing, as readers see several phrases separated by the dashes with no indication of syntactical hierarchy, so avoid doing so: â€Å"Some features predicted in this article, like seat belts, became ubiquitous, while others, like braking distance indicated on speedometers, never caught on.† If two complementary phrases, such as those specifying examples in the original sentence, are going to be used parenthetically, the pairs of punctuation marks must be identical to indicate their equivalence. However, in this case, because a comma already exists in the sentence, the sentence organization is still muddled (and the statement is crowded with commas), so it is more helpful to the reader to frame the two examples in parentheses: â€Å"Some features predicted in this article (like seat belts) became ubiquitous, while others (like braking distance indicated on speedometers) never caught on.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Religious Terms You Should KnowRunning Amok or Running Amuck?Shore It Up

The Motivational influences on the terrorist group Al Qaeda Essay

The Motivational influences on the terrorist group Al Qaeda - Essay Example However, in the last decade, the county has been under occupation of NATO since the US led invasion in 2001 which resulted to the ouster of Taliban rule in 2001. During the period under NATO occupation, remarkable gains have been achieved in disabling the network including the killing of group’s leader, Osama bin Laden last year. This paper is factual and analytical evaluation of the al Qaeda network with focus on its idioelogies, motivations and organisational structure. According to NCTC (2006) al-Qaeda is â€Å"a movement comprising of many networks of Islamic groups sharing the same ideologies†. Mythens (2008, p59) defines al-Qaeda as a â€Å"network of networks† of various Islamic factions across the world. There are three critical elements that make up the al-Qaeda structure. They include the al-Qaeda nucleus or core, the networks linked to the terror organisation and finally, cell and al-Qaeda inspired networks (Gilles, 2002, pp65-76). Al-Qaeda core consists of senior inspirational leaders who define the ideologies of the organisation. Osama bin Laden was until his death in 2011 the senior most leader of the al-Qaeda. His deputy, Ayman Al Zawahiri is currently the senior most leaders of the organisation. Currently the global war on terrorism has disrupted its leadership structure significantly. The second important components of al-Qaida are several terror organisations, with direct link to the terror group. These networks share common ideologies with al-Qaeda besides having direct linkage with the group (Blanchard, 2007). Some of the current and active al-Qaida networks include the Alshabaab in Somalia, Eastern Africa. Finally, there exists factions or cells inspired by al-Qaida’s ideologies but do not have direct contact with the organization. Such groups exhibit autonomous stance from al Qaeda in their areas of operation. Examples include Jemaah Islaamiya in Indonesia that executed the Bali bombings in

Management Assignment 2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Assignment 2 - Research Paper Example A car manufacturing plant can produce roughly around 10% of the automobile demand of the whole industry. But with this level of output, a company also needs high level of sales promotion and dealership. In order to fully sale the produced output, the Dassan Limited will need to start the advertising campaign on a very large scale. This strategy will decrease the cost per unit of automobile. Generally the buyers prefer to deal with large and reputable manufacturers and dealers. Such a big network of credible dealers requires a large amount of investment in the automobile industry. Dealers also want to deal with big names and companies have to make a considerable effort at the time of establishing a company. There are currently three big players in the Australian Automobile industry. Ford Australia, GM Holding Ltd and Toyota Motors Corporation Australia are the only three large scale automobile manufacturers in Australia. Ford Australia is one of the subsidiaries of the Ford Motor Company and established in Victoria in 1925. The company also operates Ford Performance Vehicles which is an in-house tuning division. In 1856, the GM holding was formed as a saddlery business but became a subsidiary of GM Motors later in 1931. Holden has offered many locally manufactured vehicles like Holden Commodore to the domestic market. Holden also operates an in-house tuning division known as Holden Special Vehicles. Toyota Motor Corporation Australia is a subsidiary of Japan based Toyota Motors Corporation. Toyota Australia promotes and manages their products in Australian market specially motorsport. The automobile manufacturing company needs high capital and labor to start up. As the Dassan Ltd is trying to establish itself in another country, it needs foreign exchange. Although geographically Australia is located near Korea but it is inaccessible through land so Dassan Ltd either can not utilize its previous expertise and resources or has to endure high

Short history of gambling in the United States Essay Example for Free

Short history of gambling in the United States Essay According to the Commission on the Review of National Policy toward Gambling, gambling in the United States grossed over $40 billion dollars in 1995 (Dunstan, 1997). Professor I. Nelson Rose describes three waves of gambling during the history of the colonies and the United States. The first of these waves began during the start of this great nation and lasted until the mid-1800s. The second wave was at the end of our Civil War and lasted until the early 1900s. Finally, the last wave started during the Great Depression and is still going strong today. I believe a fourth wave has already commenced with new technology paving the way. The new technology consists of, first and foremost, the internet and also any Wi-Fi abled device. Those who use the internet have already found out that this technology is hard to regulate and hence the added rush or high the gamblers are able to extract from it. First Wave: From the 1600s to the mid-1800s 1. The Puritans attitude toward gaming and play was adopted. They also outlawed the possession of cards, dice, dancing, and singing. 2. They softened their stance the following year to allow recreation, but not as a trade. 3. In other colonies, where the Puritans did not have control, the English attitude toward gambling prevailed. 4. The English believed gambling to be harmless, and even called it a gentleman’s game. 5. Gambling soon becomes a vice with much risk taking. 6. Lotteries were permitted by the Crown to raise money for the colonial venture, with the proceeds helping to establish the early Universities like Harvard, Yale, and Princeton. 7. The first race track was built on Long Island in 1965. 8. By the early 1800s, big fancy casinos were established in the Republic, and gambling in the lower Mississippi Valley became a legitimate enterprise. 9. During the 1830s, professional gamblers were under scrutiny for preying on the unwitting. Ironically, President Jackson was a gambler at this time. Second Wave: From the mid-1800 to Early 1900s 1. The â€Å"Gold Rush† sets off a gambling boom in California. A canvas tent, at this time, cost $40,000 annually, payable with gold dust in advance. 2. In 1856, gamblers were lynched as a result of political fighting for San Francisco, since they were of the opposing political faction. 3. Despite Prohibition, gambling remained strong by going underground with illegal parlors. 4. By 1910, virtually all forms of gambling were prohibited in the United States. Third Wave: Early 1930s to the Present 1. The great depression leads to greater legalization of gambling. 2. Massachusetts decriminalized bingo in 1931 to help churches and charitable organizations raise much needed revenue. 3. Organized Crime syndicates become heavy supporters of many casinos in Nevada. 4. During the 1950s, the Senate Committee investigates Organized Crime’s influence in the casino industry. 5. Lotteries were once again sponsored by the government. From 1894 to 1964, there were no government-sponsored lotteries operating in the United States. 6. In 1964, New Hampshire is the first state to sponsor a lottery, followed by New York in 1967. 7. Congress fails to pass a national lottery measure despite numerous attempts. Fourth Wave: The Present and Beyond 1. In 1995, the first online gambling casino starts operation by offering 18 games. 2. An estimated 30 million people visited internet gambling sites in July of 2005 alone. 3. It is estimated the industry has grown from $1 billion in profits in 1997 to $10. 9 billion in 2006. 4. Almost anyone is able to gamble on any Wi-Fi abled device, since the industry is difficult to regulate. 5. The rise in internet gambling brings an increase in youths gambling, gambling problems, and criminal activity such as credit card fraud (McCown, 2007). Comparison of Criteria for Substance Dependence with Gambling 1. Tolerance-The two main words used to describe both this substance dependent and gambling criterion is, increasing amounts. 2. Withdrawal-When reducing, or stopping gambling activities the client becomes restless and irritated. The same can be said about substance dependence since those same characteristics are involved, with an added twist for substance dependent clients. 3. Taking the substance in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended. This can also be construed as the tolerance criterion for gambling where the gambler uses increasing amounts to achieve excitement. 4. Having a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use. This behavior parallels the loss of control criterion in gambling where the gambler despite repeated attempts to cut down, stop, or control the gambling is unsuccessful. 5. Spending a great deal of time in activities necessary to get the substance. This criterion seems to be consistent with the gambler who has a preoccupation with gambling. 6. Giving up or reducing important social, occupational, or recreational activities due to substance use. This seems to almost mirror the gambler’s risked significant relationship criterion. 7. Continuing to use the substance despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or is exacerbated by the substance. I am unable to find a gambling criterion to match this exact behavior, but in gambling lying, chasing, and illegal acts seem to almost rival the substance dependent characteristic stated. Bibliography Ciarrocchi, J. W. (2001). Counseling Problem Gamblers. San Diego, California: Academic Press. McCown, W. G. (2007). Treating Gambling Problems. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Dunstan, R. (1997). Gambling in California. CA: California Research Bureau, California State Library. http://www. library. ca. gov/crb/97/03/chapt2. html

Muted Women in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own and Elizabeth Barre

Muted Women in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh In the predominantly male worlds of Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"Aurora Leigh (Book I)†, the women’s voices are muted. Female characters are confined to the domestic spheres of their homes, and they are excluded from the elite literary world. They are expected to function as foils to the male figures in their lives. These women are â€Å"trained† to remain silent and passive not only by the males around them, but also by their parents, their relatives, and their peers. Willingly or grudgingly, the women in Woolf and Browning’s works are regulated to the domestic circle, discouraged from the literary world, and are expected to act as foils to their male counterparts. Without the means of securing financial independence, women are confined to the world of domestic duties. In Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own, Mary Seton’s â€Å"homely† mother is neither a businesswoman nor a magnate on the Stock Exchange. She cannot afford to provide formal education for her daughters or for herself. Without money, the women must toil day and night at home, with no time for learned conversations about â€Å"archaeology, botany, anthropology, physics, the nature of the atom, mathematics, astronomy, relativity, geography† – the subjects of the men’s conversations (26). As Woolf notes, if Mary’s mother had gone into business, there would have been no Mary. Children are financial burdens and they make heavy demands on a mother’s time. It is impossible that a mother could feed and play with their children while making money, because women are expected to raise large families; they are the ones who ca rry o... ...n. And muted the women are, in A Room of One’s Own and â€Å"Aurora Leigh†. They cannot vocalize their opinions, wants, and needs when they are confined to their homes and discouraged from joining the predominantly male literary circles. Moreover, females are expected to act as foils to the males so that the patriarchal societies may flourish. Coleridge once said that a great mind is androgynous (Woolf, 106). When the men and women can cooperate and unite their minds and bodies, Shakespeare’s gifted sister will be able to re-emerge, freeing the muted voices of these oppressed women. WORKS CITED Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. London: Flamingo, 1994. Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. â€Å"Aurora Leigh†. 1856. Correspondence Course Notes: ENGL 205*S Selected Women Writers I, Spring-Summer 2003, pp. 26, 27. Kingston, ON: Queen’s University, 2003.

Being a Change Agent: Managing Social Change

We believe that the job of being a change agent should start with two kinds of question. First, is a structural question: How do you identify persons and subgroups that are the â€Å"strategic levers† of change in any particular public? This means identifying the opinion leaders and community influential who can influence others in the system to adopt change. Second, is a social-psychological or an interactional question: How do you change the behaviors or the minds of the people in question? The different strategies discussed earlier represent alternative ways of going about change agents can do to reduce resistance to change. What are some of these changes? On can reduce resistance to the adoption of a change by attempting to make the particular innovation (1) simple and easy to communicate, (2) divisible, and (3) maximally compatible with the status quo values and needs (Harper & Leicht). Is it possible that a change agent is for the good, not purely destructive change? In my mind, change is agent is to make people better. Which is something we should all strive for? In addition, cans someone starting being a change agent, can a person successful in being a change agent? In this paper you learn about what is a change agent and who can be a Change Agent, How to create change, The ethics of Inducing change, What makes a good change agent, Define change leaders on five levels of leadership skills, and Five most important competencies of change agents. In addition, I will imagine myself as a change agent trying to change my neighborhood or community for the better. What is a Change Agent? A change agent is a catalyst and when added to the mix, changes everything. It can be a process, an element, a thought, or a person. A social change agent is an individual working to bring about a more life-affirming society. This is a person whose presence or thought processes cause a change from the traditional way of handling or thinking about a problem. They know how to get people involved in solving their own problems. A change agent lives in the future, not the present. Regardless of what is going on today, a change agent has a vision of what could or should be and uses that as the governing sense of action. To a certain extent, a change agent is dissatisfied with what they see around them, in favor of a much better vision of the future. A change agent has a strong ability to self-motivate. A change agent is fueled by passion, and inspires passion in others. Moreover, at the end of the day, change is about people (Stevenson 2012). Who can be a Change Agent? A Persons with Innovative Ideas, Calculated Risk Takers, Person coming with different Industry or sector even from different department, That's why reshuffling is done within an organization, External consultants, Trackers who are tracking market ,competitors ,technology etc secretly, Persons ingrained with sharp business knowledge and skills, Team leader who are having a quality to integrate, People possessing qualities like need achievement, positive attitude, ethical behavior, One who think big and realistic, and Who knows more about your company policy and people. There is no cookbook for creating change. Why? As anyone who has attempted to cook a complex meal knows, exact specifications are always missing and recipes contain many vague instructions: â€Å"Add salt to taste†. How much is that? â€Å"Cook until vegetables are crisp, but do not over cook. † What does that mean? Like cooking, social change requires experience, making do with imperfect ingredients, and often mudding through. There are some issues that a change agents need to consider. Plans for social change involve a number of issues: The first task is to good plan is to define the goals of the desired change. Second task, is that a good plan needs to specify as precisely as possible the target or reference public: Who is to change? Third task is to have a good plan will identify situation or times when the target population is most receptive to change. Fourth task is to have a good plan will develop an inventory resource available. Fifth task is that a good plan should consider appropriate strategies (for example, facilitation, reeducation, persuasion, or power/coercion), how they might be combined, and how their contradictions might be addressed. Finally, a good plan should include mechanisms for the ongoing monitoring of change so that it can be modified, fine tuned, or abandoned (Harper & Leicht). There are various strategies along a continuum in term of the extent to which we believe that they involve ethical problems, as follows: facilitation, reeducation, persuasion, or power/coercion. In the terms of these criteria, facilitation and reeducation (to the extent that the latter can be honestly practiced) do respect the autonomy, rationality, and dignity of person who are the targets of change. Persuasion, in comparison, respects the voluntary choice to adopt change but may overwhelm the person with distorted (or false) information, withheld information, and non-rational appeals to emotion. Power and coercive strategies carry the greatest number of ethical problems because they deny voluntary adoption and rejection and maximally violate people's autonomy and dignity. There is a bottom line here. Granted that creating social change is often costly and demanding to. Granted that success, even partial success, is always uncertain as well. Granted that long-term systemic consequences may be well counter productive to one's original intent. Even so, should one refuse to make efforts to change things if the issues are important? The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s was long, costly, and difficult effort that only partly succeeded. Being aware of its high costs and limited successes, should its organizers have given up? We do not think so. The lives of millions of minority Americans that are better today for those efforts even thought the goal of complete racial justice remains elusive (Harper & Leicht). Due to the dynamics in the external environment, many organizations find themselves in nearly continuous change. The scope reaches from smaller change projects in particular sub business units up to corporation-wide transformation processes. Unfortunately, not every change process leads to the expected results. There are multiple reasons for potential failure: Typical barriers to change are unexpected changes in the external conditions, a lack of commitment in implementation, resistance of people involved, or a lack of resources. The implications of failed change projects go beyond missed objectives. More important is the negative symbolism and the de-motivation of people involved. People within the change team may become dissatisfied with their own performance or the lack of support they received. In the result, some of them will probably never again be willing to commit themselves to change initiatives. Similarly, people affected by the (failed) change effort will develop growing skepticism. They might perceive future change projects as â€Å"another fancy dea from management†, which brings a lot of work and few benefits. In the light of the many problems and risks associated with change projects, the change agent has a very important function. The change agent’s or change leader’s capabilities have a major impact on success or failure of the project, and on the extent of potential unwanted side effects. The following article describes required capabilities of good change agents. Readers should keep in mind, however, that there is no ‘ideal’ change agent. Particular requirements normally relate to the actual situation in the organization (e. . corporate culture, strategic relevance of the project, acceptance of the project among management and staff, timeframe, resources etc). Depending on these factors, either change agents may need good project management capabilities in order to guarantee timely progress, or they should be good leaders with the ability to motivate people (Recklies 2001). Jim Canterucci defines change leaders on five levels of leadership ski lls. Although he mainly focuses on leadership capabilities and qualifications, his system can easily be transferred to change projects with varying importance. The leader of an organization-wide restructuring project will need different capabilities than the one who is responsible for clearly defined project on departmental level. Levels of Change Leadership Skills, derived from Canterucci: is Level I is to Accepts the need for change, communicates and defends the need for change throughout the organization, creates an open and receptive environment. Small change initiatives with clear direction. Level II Defines and initiates change, identifies advantage points for change in processes and work habits. A change projects at local level. Level III is to leads change, translate the vision of the organization into the context of a specific change initiative and bring this message to the entire organization, redirects approaches in the face of new opportunities. A transformation of a central vision into change initiatives and organization-wide communication. Level IV is to manage complex change, understands the cultural dynamics of the current state of an organization, and creates a strategic practical course, balancing the current reality with the need for rapid adoption of the desired future reality. A generates change with a high degree of transformation. Level V is that champions makes change, challenges the status quo by comparing it to an ideal or a vision of change, causes crisis in order to support dramatic actions and change efforts, transforms the organization. An ability to revolutionize organizations (Canterucci 2008). Buchanan and Bobby have carried out a study on the perceived effectiveness of change agents. On that basis, they compiled the five most important competencies of change agents. These, too, are evidence for the importance of the soft factors. The five most important competencies of change agents are Objectives, Roles, Communication, Negotiation, Managing up. Each of these five most important competencies of change agents has descriptive of how to implement change. The first most important competencies of change agents are objectives. The descriptive of how to implement change of objectives are: Sensitivity to changes in key personnel, top management perceptions and market conditions, and to the way in which these impact the goals of the project. , Setting of clearly defined realistic goals, and Flexibility in responding to changes without the control of the project manager, perhaps requiring major shifts in project goals and management style. The second most important competencies of change agents are roles. The descriptive of how to implement change of roles are: Team-building abilities, to bring together key stakeholders and establish effective working groups, and to define and delegate respective responsibilities clearly, Networking skills in establishing and maintaining appropriate contacts within and outside the organization, and Tolerance of ambiguity, to be able to function comfortably, patiently and effectively in an uncertain environment. The third most important competencies of change agents are communication. The descriptive of how to implement change of communication are: Communication skills to transmit effectively to colleagues and subordinates the need for changes in the project goals and in individual tasks and responsibilities, Interpersonal skills, across the range, including selection, listening, collecting appropriate information, identifying the concerns of others, and managing meetings, Personal enthusiasm in expressing plans and ideas, and Stimulating motivation and commitment in others involved. The fourth important competencies of change agents are negotiation. The descriptive of how to implement change of negotiation are selling plans and ideas to others by creating a desirable and challenging vision of the future, and Negotiating with key players for resources, for changes in procedures, and to resolve conflict. The fifth important competencies of change agents are managing up. The descriptive of how to implement change of negotiation are political awareness in identifying potential coalitions, and in balancing conflicting goals and perceptions, Influencing skills, to gain commitment to project plans and ideas form potential skeptics and resisters, and to have Helicopter perspectives, to stand back from the immediate project and take a broader view of priorities. According to Rosabeth Moss Kanter mentions many emotional components among the most important characteristics of change agents. In addition to the factors described above, she stresses the need to question the knowledge of the organization. According to Moss Kanter, existing patterns of thinking and existing assumptions about the organization, its markets, customers, and relationships have to be challenged. Thus, change agents should realize that there is more than one right solution. The change agent has to be able to evaluate facts from different points of view, e. g. from the customer’s or competitor’s perspective. Furthermore, Moss Kanter stresses the importance of coalition building, which she describes as an often-ignored step in change processes. Change agents should identify and involve opinion leaders, decision makers on resources, functional experts and other important persons as early as possible in the project-planning phase. The importance of the factor motivation is well described with the phrases transferring ownership to a working team and making everyone a hero. In my opinion, Moss Kanter gives the most important preconditions for successful change management – the involvement of the people – with these two phrases. Members of the change team and other employees affected by the change initiative must not feel like as if they are just the tools for change or the subject of change. In my experience, it is not enough to have a convincing vision. Real commitment can only be gained by giving people the chance to become actively involved, to contribute their own experiences. Every employee needs to know that his contribution to the project is important and is valued. Thus, people will develop a sense of ownership for the project, which, in turn may serve as a major source of motivation when it comes to the inevitable problems and barriers. Kanter 1999) provides a great summary of the characteristics of good change agents when she writes that the most important things a leader can bring to a changing organization are passion, conviction, and confidence in others. Imagine myself as a change agent trying to change my neighborhood or community for the better. What are some issues that I would consider to change in my neighborhood or community? Assume that I have some, but not having unlimited resources and money to use. How would I go about it? What things would you consider in order to change that particular issue? As I sit here and imagine myself as a change agent, a few things come to my mind that I want to change in my neighborhood or community. I would consider changing in my neighborhood or community is they way we go about our health on a daily basis. Having limit to the resources and money it can consume. If that limit is a problem, then the project may really end up being a waste of time. With limited resource, I would go about it by make a plan to pull out of the project or at least good backup plans for handling failures. At worst, make sure to minimize any risks. Get more resources. Sometimes this is hard work, but it may pay off. Get help. Sometimes someone with more experience may know of resources or can spot misuse of resources in a project. Just be willing to accept criticism. Cut out any parts of the project those are unnecessary. However, one part of a project it be well liked, it may not be truly important. Plan, study, research, prepare. There is a saying that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. Good preparation can eliminate the need for many resources (wikihow). With limited money, I would need to raise some extra capital; there are a number of different ways that I can raise money. The good thing about this strategy is that they cost little, if anything, to use. After all, the last thing you want is to spend a lot of money to raise the cash you need. How I would raise, money is to have an online auction. By cleaning out my closets and I can make some extra money at the same time by posting unwanted belongings on online auction sites. Pay a small listing fee when I post each item, then another commission based on the final selling price. To start me need a free online auction account as well as having a good digital camera for taking photographs. Then I can make even more money by offering to sell unwanted items on commission for family members, friends, and co-workers (ehow. com). I can bring in to friends that I would help my neighborhood and community on dieting and fitness tips. They will explain the ten essential elements of good health. If you take all of the actions listed below, you will be much healthier. Eat a Healthy Breakfast, Drink at Least 8 Glasses of Water, Take a Good Quality Multiple Vitamin/Mineral, Connect with Other People, express Your Emotions Appropriately, Eat Fruits and Vegetables, Spend at Least 30 Minutes Outdoors Active, Take Some Quiet Time for Yourself Keep Regular Sleep Hours, and Establish a Relationship with a Doctor You Can Trust (Bauer 2009). In conclusion, a change agent has a strong ability to self-motivate. There will be many days where everyone around does not understand and will not offer props. The change agent needs to find it within themselves to get up every day and come to work and risk being misunderstood and miss-appreciated, knowing that the real validation may be far in the future and may be claimed by someone else. A change agent must understand people. At the end of the day, change is about people. If you change everything but the people, I doubt you will be effective as a change agent. Change will really â€Å"stick† when people embrace it. Therefore, change is part sales, part counseling, and part encouragement. It is all about people, at the end of the day. Reference Bauer, Carl H: (2009); Ten Simple Things You Can Do to Get Healthy and Stay Healthy. http://www.somaacupuncture.com/healthy.html Buchanan D. & Bobby D. (1992);  The Expertise of the Change Agent: Public Performance and Backstage Activity  . Prentice Hall. Canterucci, Jim: (2008); are You a Change Leader?http://www.corpchange.com/Resources/Articles/Areyouachangeleaderarticle.asp Recklies, Dagmar: (2001); What Makes a Good Change Agent? http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/change_agent.htm#_ftnref2 Haper, Charles L. and Leicht, Kevin T. (2010); † Exploring Social Change: America and the World, 6nd ed.† Upper Saddle River, NJ; Prentice Hall. Moss, Rosabeth K. (1999):  The Enduring Skills of Change Leaders. In Leader to Leader; Nr. 13. Recklies, Dagmar: (2001); What Makes a Good Change Agent? http://www.themanager.org/Strategy/change_agent.htm#_ftnref2 　Stevenson, Dennis: (2012); What is a Change Agent? Http://www.thechangeagents.net/what-is-a-change-agent.html htt p://www.ehow.com/info_8026713_ways-money-quickly-limited-funds.htmlhttp:// http://www.wikihow.com/Work-With-Limited-Resources-on-a-Project

Turning Point in My Life

Seayam, Sidy Instructor: Ludmila Hart ENG 101 – 10 09/13/2012 Turning Point in My Life After I finished high school I knew that I had to look forward to my education, and check where I should finish it and think of the future, where I wanted to work and with a good job and if I was going to stay in my country or no. That was the beginning of my life change. June 5th was my last day of high school. I was like everybody happy that school had ended as every year talking with my friends about the exams and how every one did in it and what they expecting about their scores.After that I started to hang out every day with my friends because I didn’t know what I was going to do about college and did not know which major I will choose. I was confused, So I decided to wait for my results then take a decision, days been passing and decided to take Pharmacy or Dentist Major because I love chemistry and biology, but my parents wanted me to retake the high school because I didnâ€⠄¢t get a scholarship, and I refused because I knew that’s my best and I’m satisfied with my score.August before my birthday with few days I though about studying overseas and the first countries were Russia and Malaysia, but some of my friends didn’t support me to go to Russia because their friends or siblings were there and couldn’t find jobs with the Russian degree in other countries the opportunities were low in there, So I started to prepare my papers and making researches about Malaysia and it’s universities and found one and sent all my information to that university and they did accept me, one of days my uncle called my from USA to congratulate me graduating from High school and Suggested me to finish my education in the US, I was excited and confused at the same time, and asked my parents about that, they said that I am an adult now and should know my future and they will support me, After that I changed all my plans to US which known the land of opportunities.My first day in the US was November 21th the Thanks Giving day and it wasn’t that cold when I came as I expected it to be, I spent 7 months learning English and taking TOEFL classes to prepare my self for college studies, I started to search for pharmacy and dentist universities, but it was a shock to me from the amounts they wanted, and my parents couldn’t handle that much, so I chosen Computer Science as other interest and found Quincy College to start my future in it then transfer to a four years University. In 3 short months and with a lot of thinking about things I never knew before That was a big turning point in my life and in my future, because I didn’t expect that I come to the US and wasn’t what I was planning for.

Essay Sample on Baby Boomers Health Issues The Current Situation

Essay Sample on Baby Boomers Health Issues The Current Situation The baby boomer generation is an age group of men and women who were born between the years 1946 and 1964. â€Å"Baby boom† ideally characterizes a time when there was a significant increase in the delivery of children after the Second World War. In addition, this generation characterizes a cultural perspective within the American society. They were born in an ideal environment that promoted the American dream. Current State of Healthcare in the United States In Relation To Baby Boomers Congress approved extensive laws to repair health care in the United States. Healthcare in the United States works in accordance with certain motives. The legal criteria establish the aim of health care as excellent care, not care as a universal amount or economy (Lingaraju Ashburn, 2013, p. 266). Judges concentrate on quality regardless of cost, and the court’s priority is not an expense. Instead, today’s court focuses on whether the defendant practitioner meets the criteria of health care or not. The health care framework in the United States currently offers costly but excellent care (Lingaraju Ashburn, 2013, p. 266). The legal system describes the level of care as the health care that a typical practitioner would deliver under similar conditions. Ninety-one percent of doctors confess to sensitively working towards unnecessary care. As a result, the legal care criteria constitute of unnecessary health care. The United States is one of the thirty or more nations with successful single-player worldwide healthcare frameworks. Germany is the single nation with a multiple-payer worldwide care (NYC department for the aging annual plan summary, 2013, p. 127). It is worth mentioning that this system is the same as the one suggested in 1993 by Former President of the United States, Bill Clinton. Today, President Barrack Obama oversees the application of a worldwide health care forum within the United States. President Obama’s plan, packed as an economic incentive, set up a program for citizens below 65 years not protected by employer health care plans or not eligible for current government agendas (Figueroa et al, p. 367). This is largely because citizen above 65 years of age come from the baby boomers generation. Current Policies and/or Bills or Initiatives Addressing Healthcare in the US Disapproval of the bill strengthened after its approval. As a result, the bill will most possibly endure substantial amendments before it becomes fully functional (Lingaraju Ashburn, 2013, p. 266). The proposal could initiate the formation of a National Health Insurance Exchange (NHIE). The NHIE is a government-operated association operated to sell healthcare plans to people without health care. The impacts of both the issue and the likely solutions in interventional pain management might be superior to those on other subjects (Lingaraju Ashburn, 2013, p. 266). Expenses surfaced as a core component of the national health reform discussion that followed prior to the approval of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010.  The following is a list of ACA actions projected at cost containment. Superior government inaccuracies and control over health insurer premiums and practices (NYC department for the aging annual plan summary, 2013, p. 128). Rising competition and cost transparency in the sale of insurance rules through health insurance dealings Payment improvements that aim to lower payments for treatments and clinical admissions coming from mistakes or unfortunate quality of care Money for relative effectiveness studies that compare different intercessions and approaches to hinder, diagnose, treat, and observe health conditions (NYC department for the aging annual plan summary, 2013, p. 128). Relocating clinical delivery frameworks to be patient-based and advance the coordination and quality of care The new health care law approved by Congress does not tackle offense reform. Rather, it lowers doctor compensation and raises penalty-oriented expenses and control regulations. Doctors have to deal with the new and the decisive burden of this legislation. This is because of the doctors’ entanglement between health care and criteria. This entanglement strictly calls for excellence irrespective of cost and penalty-based federal orders challenging economic health care irrespective of authorized care standards (Figueroa et al, 2013, p. 369). Congress amended and fixed the universal health care program bill on a number of events. The president did not approve this bill until March 2010 and will not be fully effective until 2014. How Baby Boomer Healthcare Currently Influences the Nursing Practice The baby boomer generation slowly gets old as chronicity rises together with the complication of care. Currently, the United States is in dire need of additional nurse practitioners, doctor assistants, and primary caregivers (Lingaraju Ashburn, 2013, p. 269). The nursing deficiency in the United States may deepen as baby boomers get older, and the necessity for healthcare rises. Intensifying the issue is the fact that nursing schools across the nation struggle to grow registration levels to meet the increasing demand for nursing expertise (NYC department for the aging annual plan summary, 2013, p. 131). Conclusion Older patients who undergo prolonged pain because of soreness or other conditions see chiropractors, acupuncturists and bodywork therapists. These medical workers pinpoint sources of pain and lower it by improving blood flow, exercising stiffness in the muscles, and improving body positions. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) prioritizes the deficiency of enrolled nurses. Learning institutions, lawmakers, affiliated organizations, and the media currently work with the agency to make the nation realize this clinical crisis (NYC department for the aging annual plan summary, 2013, p. 131). AACN currently works on implementing laws, pinpointing approaches, and forming alliances to tackle the nursing shortage issue.

What Is Citation Order (Authorâ€Date Referencing) - Get Proofed!

What Is Citation Order (Author–Date Referencing) - Get Proofed! What Is Citation Order? Did you know that you can reference more than one source at once? This is a skill that every student should have. In this post, then, we’re looking at the rules for citing multiple sources and how citation order works in author-date referencing. When to Cite Multiple Sources Most of the time, one source is enough for a citation. For example, if you simply want to show where an author has discussed something, all you need to do is cite the relevant text: He argues that sport can be understood in economic terms (Lee, 2015). But if you want to show that someone has discussed something in more than one text, you could cite multiple sources by the same author. Likewise, to show that several people have discussed the same thing in various places, you could cite multiple sources by different authors. We will explain how this works below. However, keep in mind that you should only include multiple sources in a single citation if they support the same point. If you’re making more than one point in a single passage of text, you should give a separate citation each time. Citing Multiple Sources by One Author To cite more than one source by a single author, all you need to do is list the years of publication in chronological order. For example: He repeatedly argues that sport can be understood in economic terms (Lee, 1999, 2008, 2015). This shows Lee has made the same argument in at least three places. Each source would then be listed with full publication details in the reference list. One slight exception to this is MLA referencing, where citations do not include a year of publication. If you’re citing more than one source by the same author, you’ll therefore need to give a shortened version of the title for each one. Multiple Authors (Citation Order) Things get a bit more complicated when citing multiple sources by different authors. One common way of doing this (e.g., the style recommended in APA referencing) is to list sources alphabetically by author surname with a semicolon between each one: Other studies on the same subject reject this possibility (Acaster et al., 2002; Herring, 1986; Robins James, 1992; Widdicombe, 2015). However, some versions of author–date referencing recommend a citation order based on date of publication. For example: Other studies on the same subject reject this possibility (Herring, 1986; Robins James, 1992; Acaster et al., 2002; Widdicombe, 2015). This makes it essential to check your style guide for advice on citation order. If you cannot find specific instructions, though, simply pick one approach and apply it consistently throughout your document.

Smoking Tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Smoking Tobacco - Essay Example with companies to pass the anti-tobacco message; providing women with information on health complication resulting from smoking; and lastly, looking back at the campaign achievement to outline plans for state anti-smoking movement b. The UAE in the last few years of the review era took important actions on the regulation of tobacco with the latest laws, like new taxes that are imposed on cigarettes, having warnings on the cigarette packs; also the ban of smoking in malls c. To bring the nation in line with the World Health Organization’s structure convention of tobacco control, the United Arabs Emirates has started to clamp down on products that contain tobacco by controlling their use, sales and content c. The aim of the municipality is to prevent secondhand exposure of smoke. Thus, shisha cafà © are supposed to move the residential areas, plan better ventilation, have notices that prohibit entry of those under the age of 20 years and partition non-smoking and smoking areas (Parker 211). B. Clincher or Transition Sentence: In year 2000, the United Arab Emirates imported 21, 900 million cigarettes. Then the price of a pack containing 20 cigarettes was 1.43 US dollars for the local brands and 1.91 US dollars for foreign brands. A. Topic Sentence: From the trends, it is expected that as the economy of UAE grows, the number of expats who come to live there will grow. This in turn is expected to increase the consumption of shisha. a. In addition, considering the smoking of pipe as both a traditional act among the domestic people and a tourist attraction, the use of shisha will increase given the anticipated increase in tourism. Growth will in fact be boosted by pipe tobacco b. There are more risks that waterpipe smokers’ face that are not faced by cigarette smokers. For example, sharing of the waterpipe exposes the smokers to the risk of infections diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and herpes c. The law however, allows smoking only in designated

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

International Business - Essay Example After achieving huge success level in domestic market leading companies wish to do business practices across the domestic border in order to maximize profit, its market share, core competency and goodwill. These are all tangible and intangible assets of a company. The company chooses internationalization process in order to take the advantages of advanced technology, potential marketplace and favorable economical factors of international market. The internationalization process and the reason of adopting the process can be identified by several business models. Demand and supply led drivers will help to identify the advantages of customer and supplier relationship management for the international market orientation and the difference of these two drivers will help to identify the impacts on business practices for a company. Followed by this the Eclectic theory of internationalization will help to analyze the different categorized advantages that will help international business pract ices. Next the Uppsala model will help to find the business activities of a company in a foreign market. Last but not the least the product life cycle tool will help the company to develop their product internationally considering different aspects of product life cycle. The objective of the study is to find the reason for internationalization of a company and evaluation of several international business tools. Demand and Supply Led Drivers In order to adopting international business process companies need to understand about the demand led drivers and supply led drivers. The basic purpose to reinforce this demand and supply drivers is the gaining knowledge of companies about the demand chain management and supply chain management in international market. The difference of demand led driver and the supply led driver in specific international market is based on importance. The supply led drivers is the degree that focus on consumers and this driver gives importance on efficiency of s ervice. Here the company management consider about cost-led and supreme level of customer service. The risk of this supply-led driver is that the target customers may be aggregated. Therefore the link between customer and supplier relationship management may be hampered. Demand led drivers hold the broader vision of relationship management. This driver integrates both of the customer and supplier relationship management. The need of demand led driver is to allocate required resources for thy international operation (Porter, 2011, p.115). It is kind of a push strategy which influences both the customer and suppliers. Supply led driver is more of a pull business aspect. It may affect the target customers different brand loyalty and orientation. Eclectic Theory Eclectic theory of internationalization is the economics theory based on the theory of transaction costs. The idea behind the application of eclectic theory in internationalization process is to understand the economic approache s in international competitive business market. The fundamental forms of international market such as Licensing, FDI, and Export can be distinguished by this theory (Cantwell and Narula, 2012, p.71). Before entering in international market the three categories of advantages in internationalization process of this theory such as ownership advantages, internationalization advantages and location advantages need to be identified by the company. If the company has ownership advantages such as knowledge about the international target market, employees’ international language skill, appropriate products, information about import permission and huge contacts can help the company to do the Licensing in

Do You Know What It Means to Lose New Orleans by Anne Rice Essay

Do You Know What It Means to Lose New Orleans by Anne Rice - Essay Example Her thesis was also based on the irritating utterances made by some eminent people and journalists concerning the flood crises in the area. Rice has relied on her thesis in writing the whole essay. The entire essay revolves around the author main thesis. The thesis is very relevant and acceptable to the situation which occurred in the New Orleans during the flood crises. To start with, the city is very important to its residents and the entire United States of America economy. It accommodates a very unique subculture in America known as Africa-America. On the other hand, the city has its own history ranging from as early as in 1800s and United States of America history is not complete without the inclusion of New Orleans city. Additionally, the city offers employment and accommodations for thousands of people who reside in the area. There are also very many churches, universities and other infrastructures which are extremely imperative for the development of America and the entire wo rld. Compared to other states in United States of America, New Orleans is extremely peaceful and accommodates a substantial number of black Americas. The city is also very beneficial to United States of America economy as its unique music and essays attract both local and foreign tourists in the country. It is also only in New Orleans where there exist peaceful societies where people maintain their family institutions, love each other as well as caring for other people welfare. Therefore, according to Rice, New Orleans ought to be given appropriate attention in the times of crises just like any other state in America (Anne 1). Does the other have good support for her thesis? Rice has adequate and concrete support for her thesis. In the initial stage of explaining her thesis, Rice provides a history of New Orleans city and its important to America. He quoted others writers who had come together to writes essays on the important of New Orleans to American in early 1840s. According to Rice, many people who reside in the states declines to go to other states because of the favorable condition in the state. Rice also explains the important of the city to the United States of America as a country. He quotes some of the most crucial structures which exist in the city and their relevant to America and the world at large. According to her observations, universities such as Xavier and Dillard University are very crucial to black America. On the other hand, in her essay, Rice talks about the state harmony and attractive music which is exceptionally appropriate in attracting local and international tourist thus leading to economic development in the country. Does the author have strong argument or weakness? What makes it strong or weak? Rice has a very strong argument in her essay. To justify her argument, the authors has started by analyzing the history of New Orleans in explaining the important of the city to its residents and to the entire Americans. She refers to old days writers who have written about the important of the city to America. On the other hand, the author talks about the reality in New Orleans. The city is occupied by both whites and blacks in America. The harmony of the country is brought about by the caring status of the city’s residents. She provided an example in which residence of New Orleans offered adequate assistance to flood victims. As a matter of fact, the area is occupied by middle class and

Why Star Topology is Best

Why Star Topology is Best 1.0 SYNOPSIS This study focused on a star network topology. A star network is a local area network in which all devices are directly linked to a central point called a hub. Star topology looks like a star but not exactly a star. The findings from the study revealed that in star topology every computer is connected to a central node called a hub or a switch. A hub is a device where the entire linking standards come together. The data that is transmitted between the network nodes passes across the central hub. The project further goes on to explain the advantages, disadvantages and usage of star network topology. The centralized nature of a star network provides ease while also achieving isolation of each device in the network. However, the disadvantage of a star topology is that the network transmission is largely reliant on the central hub. If the central hub falls short then the whole network is out of action. Star networks are one of the most common computer network topologies that are used in homes and offices. In a Star Network Topology it is possible to have all the important data backups on the hub in a private folder and this way if the computer fails you can still use your data using the next computer in the network and accessing the backup files on the hub. It has come to realization that this type of network offers more privacy than any other network. 2.0 INTRODUCTION The main objective of this project is to discuss the advantages, disadvantages and usage of star network topology. A topology is a physical structure of a network. Star topology is a network structure comprising a central node to which all other devices attached directly and through which all other devices intercommunicate (http://www.yourdictionary.com/telecom/star-topology). The hub, leaf nodes and the transmission lines between them form a graph with the topology of a star. Star is one of the most and oldest common topology in the local area network. The design of star topology comes from telecommunication system. In telephone system all telephone calls are managed by the central switching station. Just like in star topology each workstation of the network is connected to a central node, which is known as a hub. Hub is a device where the whole linking mediums come together. It is responsible of running all activities of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. Generally when build a network using two or more computers, you need a hub. It is possible to connect two computers to each other directly without the need of a hub but when adding a third computer in the network, we need a hub to allow a proper data communication within the network. In a Star Network the whole network is reliant on the hub. (http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/2-6-2005-65413.asp) Devices such as file server, workstation and peripheral are all linked to a hub. All the data passes through the hub. When a packet comes to the hub it moves that packet to all the nodes linked through the hub but only one node at a time successfully transmits it. Data on a star network exceeds through the hub before continuing to its target. Different types of cables are used to link computers such as twisted pair, coaxial cable and fiber optics. The most common cable media in use for star topologies is unshielded or shielded twisted pair copper cabling. One end of the cable is plugged in local area network card while the other side is connected with the hub. Due to the centralization in star topology it is easy to monitor and handle the network making it more advantageous. Since the whole network is reliant on the hub, if the whole network is not working then there could be a problem with the hub. The hub makes it easy to troubleshoot by offering a single point for error connection at the same time the reliance is also very high on that single point. The central function is cost effective and easier to maintain. Star topology also has some draw backs. If the hub encounters a problem then the whole network falls short. In a Star Network Topology it is possible to have all the important data backups on the hub in a private folder and this way if the computer fails you can still use your data using the next computer in the network and accessing the backup files on the hub. 3.0 BACKGROUND STUDY In this section the researcher has clarified and explained in details some of the advantages, disadvantages and usage of star topology. These three concepts are the main core of this project. 3.1 ADVANTAGES OF STAR NETWORK 3.1.1 Isolation of devices: each device is isolated by the link that connects it to the hub. By so doing it makes the isolation of the individual devices simple. This isolation nature also prevents any non centralized failure from affecting the network. In a star network, a cable failure will isolate the workstation that it links to the central computer, but only that workstation will be isolated. All the other workstations will continue to function normally, except that they will not be able to communicate with the isolated workstation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network) 3.1.2 Simplicity: The topology is easy to understand, establish, and navigate. The simple topology obviates the need for complex routing or message passing protocols. As noted earlier, the isolation and centralization simplifies fault detection, as each link or device can be probed individually .Due to its centralized nature, the topology offers simplicity of operation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network) 3.1.3 If any cable is not working then the whole network will not be affected: in a star topology, each network device has a home run of cabling back to a network hub, giving each device a separate connection to the network. If there is a problem with a cable, it will generally not affect the rest of the network. The most common cable media in use for star topologies is unshielded twisted pair copper cabling. If small numbers of devices are utilized in this topology the data rate will be high. It is best for short distance ( http://fallsconnect.com/topology.htm#a) 3.1.4 You can easily add new computers or devices to the network without interrupting other nodes: The star network topology works well when computers are at scattered points. It is easy to add or remove computers. New devices or nodes can easily be added to the Star Network by just extending a cable from the hub. If the hub adds a device for example a printer or a fax machine, all the other computers on the network can access the new device by simply accessing the hub. The device need not be installed on all the computers in the network. The central function is cost effective and easier to maintain. If the computers are reasonably close to the vertices of a convex polygon and the system requirements are modest. And also when one computer falls short then it wont affect the whole communication. (http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/dictionary/definition/what-is-star-network.html#) 3.1.5 Centralization: the star topologies ease the chance of a network failure by linking all of the computers to a central node. All computers may therefore communicate with all others by transmitting to and receiving from the central node only. Benefits from centralization: As the central hub is the bottleneck, increasing capacity of the central hub or adding additional devices to the star, can help scale the network very easily. The central nature also allows the check up of traffic through the network. This helps evaluate all the traffic in the network and establish apprehensive behavior (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-network-topologies.html). 3.1.6 Easy to troubleshoot: in a star network the whole network is reliant on the hub so if the entire network is not working then there could be a problem with the hub. This feature makes it easy to troubleshoot by offering a single point for error connection ad at the same time the dependency is also very high on that single point 3.1.7 Better performance: star network prevents unnecessary passing of the data packet through nodes. At most 3 devices and 2 links are involved in any communication between any two devices which are part of this topology. This topology encourage a huge overhead on the central hub, however if the central hub has plenty of capacity, then very high network used by one device in the network does not affect the other devices in the network. Data Packets are sent quickly as they do not have to travel through any unnecessary. The big advantage of the star network is that it is fast. This is because each computer terminal is attached directly to the central computer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network). 3.1.8 EASY INSTALLATION: Installation is simple, inexpensive, and fast because of the flexible cable and the modular connector. 3.2 DISADVANTAGES OF STAR NETWORK 3.2.1 If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled: The primary disadvantage of a star topology is the high dependence of the system on the functioning of the central hub. While the failure of an individual link only results in the isolation of a single node, the failure of the central hub renders the network inoperable, immediately isolating all nodes. (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-network-topologies.html ) 3.2.2 The performance and scalability of the network also depend on the capabilities of the hub. Network size is limited by the number of connections that can be made to the hub, and performance for the whole network is limited by its throughput. While in theory traffic between the hub and a node is isolated from other nodes on the network, other nodes may see a performance drop if traffic to another node occupies a significant portion of the central nodes processing capability or throughput (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network). Furthermore, wiring up of the system can be very complex. 3.2.3 The primary disadvantage of the star topology is the hub is a single point of failure: If the hub were to fall short the whole network would fail as a result of the hub being connected to every computer on the network. There will be communication break down between the computers when the hub fails. 3.2.4 Star topology requires more cable length: When the network is being extended then there will be the need of more cables and this result in intricate installation. 3.2.5 More Expensive than other topologies: it is expensive due to cost of the hub. Star topology uses a lot of cables thus making it the most costly network to set up as you also have to trunk to keep the cables out of harm way. Every computer requires a separate cable to form the network. . A common cable that is used in Star Network is the UTP or the unshielded twisted pair cable. Another common cable that is used in star networks is the RJ45 or the Ethernet cables 3.3 USAGES OF STAR NETWORK Star topology is a networking setup used with 10BASE-T cabling (also called UTP or twisted-pair) and a hub. Each item on the network is connected to the hub like points of a star. The protocols used with star configurations are usually Ethernet or local-talk. Token Ring uses a similar topology, called the star-wired ring (http://fallsconnect.com/topology.htm#a). Star Topology is the most common type of network topology that is used in homes and offices. In the Star Topology there is a central connection point called the hub which is a computer hub or sometimes just a switch. In a Star Network the best advantage is when there is a failure in cable then only one computer might get affected and not the entire network. Star topology is used to ease the probabilities of network failure by connecting all of the systems to a central node. This central hub rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, sometimes including the originating node. All peripheral nodes may thus communicate with all others by transmitting to, and receiving from, the central node only (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). Star network is used to transmit data across the central hub between the network nodes. When a packet comes to the hub it transfers that packet to all nodes connected through a hub but only one node at a time successfully transmits it. In local area networks where the star topology is used, each machine is connected to a central hub. In contrast to the bus topology, the star topology allows each machine on the network to have a point to point connection to the central hub and there is no single point of failure. All of the traffic which transverses the network passes through the central hub. The hub acts as a signal booster or repeater which in turn allows the signal to travel greater distances. When it is important that your network have increased stability and speed, the star topology should be considered. When you use a hub, you get centralized administration and security control, low configuration costs and easy troubleshooting. When one node or workstation goes down, the rest of your network will still be functional. 4.0 APPENDIX As the name suggests, this layout is similar to a star. The illustration shows a star network with five workstations or six, if the central computer acts as a workstation. Each workstation is shown as a sphere, the central computer is shown as a larger sphere and it is a hub, and connections are shown as a thin flexible cable. The connections can be wired or wireless links. The hub is a central to a star topology and the network cannot function without it. It connects to each separate node directly through a thin flexible cable (10BASE-T cable). One end of the cable is plugged into the connector on the network adapter card (either internal or external to the computer) and the other end connects directly to the hub. The number of nodes you can connect to a hub is determined by the hub. 5.0 CONCLUSION A star network is a local area network in which all computers are directly connected to a common central computer. Every workstation is indirectly connected to every other through the central computer. In some star networks, the central computer can also operate as a workstation A Star Network Topology is best suited for smaller networks and works efficiently when there is limited number of nodes. One has to ensure that the hub or the central node is always working and extra security features should be added to the hub because it s the heart of the network. To expand a star topology network, youll need to add another hub and go to a star of stars topology. In a Star Network Topology it is possible to have all the important data backups on the hub in a private folder and this way if the computer fails you can still use your data using the next computer in the network and accessing the backup files on the hub. 6.0 REFERENCES Available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_network Available on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_small_aperture_terminal Available on http://fallsconnect.com/topology.htm#a Available on http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/dictionary/definition/what-is-star-network.html#(above) Available on http://www.answers.com/topic/star_network Available on http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-different-network-topologies.html Available on http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/2-6-2005-65413.asp Available on http://www.blurtit.com/q826101.html